????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? 29 ???? (????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????). ???? ??? ????? ????? 25 ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? 29 ????? ??????? 25 ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? 325 ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? (???????). ??? ?? ??? 1582 ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? 25 ????? ????? (??? ???????) ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? 25 ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????.

???? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? (????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????)? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? 365 ???? ?6 ?????. ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? 365 ???? ?5 ????? ?48 ????? ?46 ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? (??? ??????? ?????????) ????? 11 ????? ?14 ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? 325 ???? ??? 1582 ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? (?????????) ??? ??? 25 ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??? 5 ????? ????? 1582 ?? ??? 15 ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???????. ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? (25 ????? ?????) ?? ????? ?????? (???? ???? ????? ????)? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? 400 ??? (??? ????? ??? ???11 ????? ?14 ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? 400 ???)? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? 13 ????. ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? (13 ????? ?? ??????? ????????) ????? 11 ?? ?? 24 ??. ??? ??? ?????? ???? 29 ???? (??? ???????) ????? ??? 7 ????? ?????? (????? ?? 25 ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????) ??? ??? ????? 13 ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????.

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??? ??????? ??????? ???????? (??? ??????? ?????? ????? ????) ?? ??????? ?????? (??????): ??? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? 12 ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ??????. ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???????? (??????????)? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???????. ???? ???? ???????? ????? (??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???????) ??? 12 ????? ?? ????? ???? (??????? - ??????? - ??????)? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? 24 ???? ??????? ??? 60 ????? ???????? ??? 60 ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? 60 ?????.

?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? (Sirius)? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? (?????) ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? (??? ???? ??? ?????) 365 ?????. ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? 1460 ???? ??????? ??? ????? 365 ??? 1460? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? 4/1 ???? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ????? 365 ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? (?????). ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??????. ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? (??? ??????? ?????? ????? ????) ?? ?????? Canopus(??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????????)? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? Canopus. ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????????: ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? (??????) ??? ???? ???? ??? (?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????). ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????. ???? ??????? ??? ??????? (??????) ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ?????????? (??? 284 ???????) ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??? 1715 ??????? ???????.

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??? ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? (????? 750 ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????). ????? ????? ????????? 304 ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? (??? ??? ??? ?????? ???????)? ?? ????? (?? ?????? ????? Aperire????? ????????? ????????)? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? (Maia)? ?? ????? (?? ????? ?? ?????)? ?? ????????? (?? ??????)? ?? ????? (??????)? ?? ?????? ?? (??????)? ?? ?????? (??????)? ?? ?????? (??????)? ?? ?????? (??????)? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???????? (???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????) ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? (Janus) ??????? (Februa)K?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? 12 ????? (365 ?????).

?? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ????????? Sosigene? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????????? 365 ????? ???? (??? ??????? ??????)? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? (????? ???????) ????? 366 ?????. ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???? 3 ???? ?? 400 ???? ???? ???????? ?????????.

??? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ????? (???? ?????) ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? 754 ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????. ?????? ??? ??? 532 ??????? (?? 1286 ?????? ????)? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? 1286 ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? 532 ???????? (???? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? 750 ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? 754? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????).

????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? (?? 1:61 ?2) ??????? ??? ???? ???????? (??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????)? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? (???????) ???????? ?????? (???????) ??????? ???? ????????? ?? ??????. ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????: "??? ????? ?? ??? (???????) ??? ???????" (?? 16:4). ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????: "????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????" (??14:2 ).